Drink-at-Home, Inc Essay

CASE 2: DRINK-AT-HOME, INC. Drink-At-Home, Inc. (DAH, Inc. ), creates, procedures, and markets blends to be utilized in nonalcoholic mixed drinks and blended beverages for home utilization. Mrs. Lee, who is accountable for innovative work at DAH, Inc. , toward the beginning of today informed Mr. Dick Jones, the president, that energizing advancements in the innovative work segment demonstrate that another drink, a moment pina colada, should be conceivable in view of another approach to process and protect coconut. Mrs. Lee is prescribing a significant program to build up the pina colada. She evaluates that consumption on the improvement might be as much as $100,000 and that as much as a year’s work might be required. In the conversation with Mr. Jones, she showed that she thought the chance of her exceptional individuals effectively growing such a beverage now, that she’d done all the extremely significant work was in the area of 90 percent. She additionally felt that the probability of a contending organization building up a comparable item in a year was 80 percent. Mr. Jones is carefully a main concern fellow and is worried about the business volume of such a drink. Thus, Mr. Jones conversed with Mr. Besnette, his statistical surveying supervisor, whose forte is new item assessment, and was prompted that a market existed for a moment pina colada, yet was some-what reliant on acknowledgment by both supermarkets and retail alcohol stores. Mr. Besnette additionally showed that the business numbers demonstrate that different firms are thinking about a line of tropical beverages. In the event that different firms ought to build up a contending drink the market would, obviously, be part among them. Mr. Jones squeezed Mr. Besnette to make future deals gauges for different prospects and to demonstrate the present (limited estimation of future benefits) esteem. Mr. Besnette gave Table 1. Mr. Besnette’s figures did exclude (1) cost of innovative work, (2) cost of new creation gear, or (3) cost of presenting the pina colada. The expense of the new creation hardware is required to be $ 100,000 due to the unique way the coconut should be dealt with, and the expense of presenting the new item is relied upon to be about $150,000 as a result of the purpose of procurement shows that would be important to present the new item. Mrs. Lee has shown that she has elective improvement proposition, which are: 1. A diminished exploration program to see another person comes out with the item first and in the event that not, at that point continue with an accident program. The diminished program for the initial eight months would cost $10,000 every month. One preferred position of this is on the off chance that the exertion was ineffective, at that point advancement expenses would be held to the eight-month figure (8 months ? $ 10,000 = $80,000). The probability of progress under this methodology is equivalent to the more deliberate turn of events. (The probability of a contending organization building up an item in 8 months is 60 percent.) The accident improvement program would happen in months 9 through 12 and would cost an extra $60,000. It would continue just if the eight-month study ensured a triumph. 2. Utilize a diminished exploration program and keep up a consciousness of industry improvements to check whether another person builds up an item. On the off chance that another person has built up an item toward the finish of a half year, it would cost just an extra $30,000 to investigate their item and copy it. The diminished advancement program would cost $10,000 every month. Mr. Besnette, being the extraordinary advertiser that he is, is obviously hesitant to be second available with another item. He says that the primary item available will for the most part acquire a more prominent portion of the market, and it will be hard to win those clients back. Therefore, he shows that just around 50 percent of the deals that he demonstrated in Table 1 could be normal if Drink-at-Home held up until contending brands were at that point available. In addition, he presumes that there is just a 50/50 possibility that the contender will be out with an item inside the following a half year. There are four choices: (1) systematic advancement of the pina colada, (2) unobtrusive improvement exertion followed by the accident program, (3) an unassuming improvement exertion for the initial a half year to check whether a serious item goes ahead the market, and (4) sit idle. TABLE 1. Deals and Profit Potentials Consumer Acceptance Substantial Moderate Low (Sales Potential) Probability Present Values 0. 10 0. 60 0. 30 (Discounted Value of Future Profits) $800,000 $600,000 $500,000 What might you suggest? Show every single supporting arrangement/calculations. Source: http://wps. pearsoned. co. uk/ema_ge_render_qam_11/202/51952/13299854. cw/content/list. html.

James Joyce's The Dead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

James Joyce's The Dead - Essay Example n in the accompanying lines: â€Å"A light edge of snow lay like a cape on the shoulders of his jacket and like toecaps on the toes of his goloshes; and, as the catches of his jacket slipped with a squeaking commotion through the snow-solidified frieze, a cool fragrant air from out-of-entryways got away from fissure and folds†. There are other regular references to the close to freezing Dublin climate in which the story is set. The occasion when Gretta Conroy, Gabriel’s spouse came down with bug disease is again a strict refering to of the word â€Å"cold†. The sole event when â€Å"cold† was utilized in the allegorical sense is when Gabriel answers apathetically to Gretta that â€Å"You can go in the event that you like, said Gabriel coldly†. Discussing the dull parts of the story, with regards to Gabriel’s address to the social occasion, he makes reference to how â€Å"our way through life is thronw with numerous tragic memories† and proceeds in a bleak tone, how â€Å"were we to brood upon them generally we were unable to discover the heart to go on courageously with our work among the living and further in the account he says â€Å"His soul had moved toward that area where abided the huge hosts of the dead†. This piercing recognition of his own past had stirred up his self-control. Gabriel had now been overpowered by a feeling of losing his affection and the torment related with it. Joyce portrays the state he is in with the accompanying dull symbolism: â€Å"into a dim indistinct world, all the living and the dead. With respect to the â€Å"light† in The Dead, there are again two translations †one is light as in funniness and pointlessness the other is understanding or disclosure. There are a lot of occurrences of the two cases. Expressions, for example, â€Å"laughing very heartily†, â€Å"There was a lot of disarray and chuckling and noise†, â€Å"The table burst into commendation and giggling at this sally†, â€Å"She snickered herself this time great humouredly†, and so on speak to the cheerful components in the story. Light as splendor can be seen in

Islamic Responses to Western Modernization in the Middle East Essay

Islamic Responses to Western Modernization in the Middle East - Essay Example In present occasions, when innovation is to a great extent characterized by the particulars of the West, Islam has frequently been censured of being backward and incapable to proceed onward with the occasions. This paper will see two articles that turned out in The New York Times and in BBC. As indicated by Nicholas Kristof and Timur Kuran, there is an underutilization of ladies in the Middle Eastern Muslim Countries. They in any case, contend this is a genuinely late wonder. They contend that it was the approach of industrialization that has brought about a nearly less freed air that ladies need to look in Muslim nations of the Middle East. The creators talk about the various principles that are set in determining the commitments of ladies in the distinctive social systems. They additionally contend that the issues that are found with the Islamic treatment of ladies can be followed to a defective evaluation and translation of Islam. It occurs as indicated by them because of â€Å"I slamism†, a wonder that happens because of the contention among innovation and Islamic perspectives. As indicated by them, such clash develops the stands that are taken by hardliners inside the Islamic foundation, causing them to receive an ever increasing number of backward points of view (Kristof and Kuran). There are issues with such a methodology. One of them is that it doesn't concede to the chance of a discussion into the principles of Islam that really might be abusive for ladies. Aside from this, it likewise discusses the chance of an idealistic type of Islam that can be accomplished only through an alternate translation of it. Aside from these imperfections, this methodology likewise overlooks the recorded underestimation that lady of these networks have confronted and its financial and social repercussions. The article looks to fix the imperfections in religion through religion and not through an all encompassing mediation. Roger Hardy’s article doesn't fall i nto the snare of offering choices. He discusses the imperfections in the procedures of advancement and the rush that it has shown in attesting its predominance over Islamic structures of society. Rather than consolidating changes, what the colonizers tried to do was to force them. This, Hardy recommends is something that was counter-beneficial. As per him, one of the significant issues that such networks have with innovation is the uncertainty that it brings into the mind of the social orders that it is a piece of. This issue endures in most Muslim social orders of today also (Hardy). As can be seen, there are a few issues that can be recognized right from the degree of the point of view of the author(s). To discover or to recommend any arrangement would not be a definitive endeavor yet a start. This is so in light of the fact that any conceivable arrangement needs to rise up out of an exchange in which each gathering which has a stake should be a member. Subsequently, one needs to accept the questions that are voiced by the Islamic foundation and furthermore associations that work inside such nations for the strengthening of ladies for making such an answer. An answer should be reached through a trade off where each gathering is eager to surrender ground to the next. In any case, this doesn't imply that old fashioned methods for living that unreasonably mistreat one segment of humanity are permitted to remain on. The certainty of progress must be acknowledged. The unity of the advancement of mankind in a

Things You Wont Like About Apa Reasearch Paper and Things You Will

Things You Won't Like About Apa Reasearch Paper and Things You Will The Dirty Truth on Apa Reasearch Paper A reader browsing through paper titles in an on-line database needs to be in a position to rapidly read your title and know precisely what your paper is all about. You must get the research done promptly, which means you have sufficient time to compose the very best paper possible. The search results may likewise not be practical for your research paper just because they don't offer enough details. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. The research essay is basically a more in-depth variant of the 5 paragraph essay. Walden University provides an exceptional description of the way to outline a paper. Now let's look at picking a topic for your paper. Of course, when you're searching for a professional to assist edit your paper, be sure you get in touch with the Kibin editors. Now you have a great deal of credible sources and you've taken notes, you're want to outline. Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. A research paper that concerns scientific issues is not only a free-style essay where it is possible to tell readers whatever you desire. Apa Reasearch Paper Options Remember it is not the aim of APA format to create the document appear nice. The APA advises that you use the author-date method. APA format is well-known among students because of its simple guidelines and approach. Papers in MLA format stipulates a procedure for documentation. Most importantly, it should have a statement of the research question your project investigates. So long as you create a technique that is suitable for you and that includes the identical information as a conventional outline, you're fine. You also need to avoid words that serve no actual purpose or that don't communicate essential info. What's the goal of the site. Be aware that the writing is detailed. The ideal research paper writing service is one which guarantees original work. Sure, it does not have to be difficult to read an assignment and think you understand just what you ought to be writing. Besides getting organized, you will want to get a good comprehension of the practice of writing a paper. Permit us to explain what makes us the ideal essay writing service in the marketplace. Such businesses offer assistance of experienced writers and authors, that are ready to finish the task for you. UK to look after your lengthy essays because your research skills aren't very good. For example if you're writing a business letter you may use a template that has space assigned for your address, your clients address and similar requisites. You can't afford a minimal grade make certain it doesn't happen. Every time students decide tobuya paper, they should settle on a company, which is equipped to correspond with their requirements. College students should use a suitable numbering for unique sections. They are expected to deliver high quality research papers that meet strict requirement as to contents and form. In case you're not able to do the research paper because of any reason, you can trust ProfEssays to write for you in accordance to your requirements. In the event you d oubt that you're able to handle the job, make certain you start looking for expert support. The report is targeted at creating an awareness of the term insomnia and to comprehend how appropriate medication is effective in treating insomnia. The use of the report is to make a comprehension of insomnia as well as it causes. It is possible to also enable the introduction with thesis be the very first Roman numeral heading. APA is a well-liked reference style employed in many types of academic writing. When writing references, APA style advises that you give the author's last name and utilize initials for the rest of the names. It recommends that your title is no more than 12 words in length. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Apa Reasearch Paper You may wish to support your outcome and go over your findings. Taking their thoughts and impressions into account will produce a more confident and enthusiastic employee. The analysis further, gives a therapy which can be utilis ed to lessen prevalence of Insomnia. In some instances, research could have been supported by more than 1 institution.

Depression in Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1553 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/19 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Depression Essay Risk Essay Women Essay Did you like this example? Introduction on the article synthesis paper: An article synthesis paper is meant to put across an understanding on the topic of question. This is intended to provide a general understanding on the selected topics as well as review papers which will as result provide the researcher with a solid background of how the review should be done in a normal way. In this synthesis paper I have selected four articles to write a synthesis based on the reviewed articles The first article I chose was on Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women and it is an international journal reviewed by Sabrina L. Jenkins. The objective of this paper to finds out three major aspects of stressors in young women.The journal speaks about how the middle-aged women suffer from major depression disorders or what is considered to be a clinical depression. It states that women who do not have these symptoms at an early stage can experienced the syndrome at an age of menopause. Alternatively, it can also relate to Normanton stressors. The research was conducted to find out an estimation of the effects of stressors longitudinally on the subsequent women average of 60. The research also exposes an attempt to explore as well as find a determination of if there is any problem on exposure to stressors in a woman early life and distance major disorder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Depression in Women" essay for you Create order To be more specific, the paper finds out three major aspects of stressors in young women. The first aspect is whether stressors in early life evocate women risks for attainingmajor depression at an old age. Secondly: what early life stressors if there exist any would distance MDD on aging female gender? Finally, what is the importance of strategies that are implied for identification, prevention and treatment of those risks for MDD. The focus of the journal is on the implication and how the management of the stress throughout life would lead to improvement for aging women. After carrying out an experiment, the researcher realizes that there are several indicators of depression. The study presents these indicators based on the clinical perspectives or clinical major depression disorders. The procedure used is set on the depression, mood, or even loss of interest in or enjoyment in vital things. After meeting certain criteria which was provided by the researcher, the paper presents a finding of 565 women with a mean age of 60 that early life stressor such as increase in marital problems. The issue may increase the risk of future diagnosis of MDD AS AGING occurs. It was noted that an increase in NLE will automatically double the increases in trajectory in stressors and to lesser extend an early high significant odds for the late life MDD. In conclusion, the article presents the negative effect of high stressors in which youths may elevate chance of getting MDD as women age implies that stress is accumulation of land without, prevention and treatment of aging women. The second article reviewed is by Kase, chen and cohen reviewed in 2010. The article objective is: to expose stressor and subsequent depression in aging women. The article gives a confirmation that most women at earlystage experience abuse in one way or another. The researcher collected data through the Unitedstates department of health and tried to find out how this type of stress acquired at an early marriage stage can affect women. The paper showed that 13% of the women were verbally abused and 9.6% were physically abused and the rest were sexually abused. It clearly shows that the abuse are experience while at early stage of life and this caused a very different and negative results when an individual grows old. There is a considerable association between the anxiety and depression and this was severally examined and similar results produced which looked at the sample of considered results to be the same. According to the paper, one should come to a realization that early child a buse makes one more vulnerable to depression at any particular time when the individual is confronted with the stressors in life. For this reason, it is true that one correct for one to have a consideration that when the stress comes early in life, it will be related to child abuse at some point in life. The paper puts three most important questions into discussion: The first question is whether the stressors are experienced during early life in the staged of life and more specifically a woman can the changes for major depression disorders during and after her experience. The second is what might be the identification, prevention and treatment for the number of chances that are associated with the individual to suffer major depression disorders clinical disorder. The main focus of this study is basically on the implication of the stressors and how managing this stressor can be difficult but of importance in aging women. The study undergoes through several stages of data collection several discussions and presents its finding on the effect and influential result of early child abuse in association to how women get abused in at anearlystage of life. In conclusion, the study clearly indicates that theearlychildhood or women early marriage abuse can last for a lifetime. It is however important to sue to understand the prevalence of this situation (Kasen et al.,2008). The situation reduces as people get old in life. To connect the first article and the second article, it is noticeable there is a relationship that exist between the onset of depression and the early childhood abuse of the old women who are between the age of 60-93. Unlike the first paper, the article reminds that the future study should put into consideration the involvement of a larger group in order to improve the quality of the results. The third article to be considered in on American journal of public health titled: Depression in Adult Women: Age changes and cohort effects. The articles objective is to find out the rate at which the women get depression and disorders. The article reports that the rate at which women get depression and disorders has arisenstately with no formal consent or explanation. It reveals the researchers who have come up with some proposed explanation for the trend and such a pattern. Some researcher has even argued that the stress is due to the sudden change of roles. The other researchers have cited this from the limitation of study, which has caused the lack of giving specific statistics. The study focus on the issue of distinguishing age and cohort and their association with depression. The paper used the statics data that was collected and analysed. The scores for this is depression were regression of data cohorts and age. The scores for the previous year were also used. It is evidence from the study that real life situationand the current women of the same birth rate has drastically increased the level of depression simply because the model. This level of depression is basically witnessed to be reducing as women get older and as role shift lessen. From this form of statistics, the health sector could also use this data to come up with health policy and social programs which will help the young women manage the level of stress in their lives and help in overcoming the collective effect of depression at their old age. The fourth article in this paper is on depression in adult as a risk factor: The objective of the article is to consider the important of risk factor in women depression and the effect of women youractivities on the old stage. This means that not all women at the old stage cantcope up with some situation in the lifetime. The article raises the question of what leads to older adult women to become depressed. It presents some schoolsfinding on structural changes on the brain. It states that it has found that those with depression are most likely to have a vascular risk factors including the history of cerebralassociated disorders which is also supported by the research (Kasen et al.,2011). It concludes that depression in older women can be understood from a lifespan diathesis stress perspective. The risks and proactive factor normally becomes less prominent in the middle of the depression as they change more periodically and more frequently. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the four articles provide a similar concept on the cause and effect of depression in older women. They both present the health and risk factor on the women who experience gender violence and presented a certain rate of gender violence factors. References: Ahamed, M., Alhadlaq, H. A., Khan, M. A., Karuppiah, P., Al-Dhabi, N. A. (2014).Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles.? Journal of Nanomaterials,? 2014, 17. Kasen, S., Kohen, P., Chen, H., Catille, D. (2011).Depression in Adult Women: Age changes and cohort effects.American Journal of Public Health93(12) Retrieved from Kasen, S., Chen, H., Sneed, J. R., Cohen, P. (2010). Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women. International journal of geriatric psychiatry,? 25(1), 91-99. Kasen, S., Chen, H., Sneed, J., Cohen, P. (2008). Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women. The International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(1) 17-27. Dasgupta, N. P., Sun, J., Liu, C., Brittman, S., Andrews, S. C., Lim, J., Yang, P. (2014). 25th anniversary article: semiconductor nanowires–synthesis, characterization, and applications.? Advanced Materials,? 26(14), 2137-2184.

Family in “The Public Enemy (1931)” - 700 Words

Family in â€Å"The Public Enemy (1931)† A family is defined in different ways and at different perspectives based on the context and experiences of a person. Despite being a basic social unit that influences the society around it, a family remains a dynamic topic whose description has varied over time. To discuss the family and the definitions that the social unit this paper reviews and analysis the movie â€Å"The Public Enemy (1931)† produced by William. In regard to the analysis, this paper will explore the family as a social unit that is affected by the actions of each and every member in the family and the society. The movie â€Å"The Public Enemy (1931)† revolves around the lives of two young men who venture into crime despite having solid†¦show more content†¦As further promises them protection in case they are in problem, using all the languages available to convenience them. This scene shows how the society is strong in defining a personâ€℠¢s course of action that is against the values gained in a family. The reception of the movie from people of different backgrounds was acceptable. Considering that it was released during the time when the film industry was not as developed as today. Despite this, people appreciated the definition of a family is a unit of socialization that does not overprotect the members by secluding them from the larger social units. Many people agree to the fact that the movie depicts a family as a simple unit that allows kids to make their own choices. In the movie, the two boys made their decisions to venture into crime without the influence of their family (Wellman, â€Å"The Public Enemy†). In fact, as they were still engaging in the bootlegging work, his brother Mike tried to convince him otherwise but in vain. People from all backgrounds also appreciate the way the movie shows a family with having good times and bad times, especially in relation to the relationship between the family members. As Tom grew up, he had a good time with the mother and his brother mike as he shared in the warmth of the family. However, his life became the source of bad times when he decided to engage inShow MoreRelatedFamous Trials : Al Capone1092 Words   |  5 PagesFamous Trials: Al Capone The Accused: Al Capone (full name Alphonse Capone), was born into an Italian immigrant family in 1899 in Brooklyn, New York. Capone rose to infamy as the leader of the Chicago outfit during the prohibition era. Prior to being sent to Alcatraz prison for tax evasion, Capone amassed a total income of $100 million as the head of perhaps the most infamous crime syndicate of all time. Once he had served his time for the conviction, Capone died due to a cardiac arrest at theRead MoreAl Capone was a Notorious Mafia Leader1212 Words   |  5 PagesAl Capone was a child from an Italian immigrant family, And was one of the most Notorious and infamous Mafia leader in the world during the Prohibition Era in Chicago. Also he was known as Scarface, Al Capone was sent to Alcatraz Prison in Philadelphia in 1931 from a tax evasion conviction. Al Capone had a personal fortune estimated at $100 million and was responsible for countless murders, His most famous one was the St.Valentine’s Day Massacre. Al Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York, on JanuaryRead MoreAl Capone Essay example1178 Words   |  5 PagesAl Capone was a child from an Italian immigrant family, And was one of the most famous Mafia leader in the world during the Prohibition Era in Chicago. Also he was known as Scarface, Al capone was sent to Alcatraz Prison in Philadelphia in 1931 from a tax evasion conviction. 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Organic Farming Policy free essay sample

In this whole document we will try to find out how the policy is addressing the following issues? Is the main thrust on livelihoods and improving net returns of farmers, or is it about export and niche markets? Does the policy emphasise on internalisation of farm inputs or is it created for providing opportunities to the organic industry, where farmers will buy things from various input factories/entities/outfits? ? Have farmers institutions and empowerment been emphasised upon, for sustainability of the effort? ? Is there convergence between various departments envisaged? ? Have forward linkages as well as backward linkages been thought of, and planned for? ? Is the policy ambitious in its approach or not? How is the implementation against the objectives? Are the goalposts being moved or being adhered to? Does it address equity concerns fragile eco-zones, women farmers, smallholders, tribal and Dalit farmers, rain fed farmers etc. any special and appropriate emphasis or not? ? Are subsidies being recast clearly to promote organic or do main subsidies continue in a chemical farming paradigm, vitiating any plans for organic right at the beginning? ? Is a farming systems approach being taken livestock integration, agro-forestry etc. Organic Farming Policy of Madhya Pradesh (M. P) The Organic farming policy of M. P government states the commitment of the tate for making the existing agriculture into a sustainable and profitable venture for landless labours, marginal and small farmers by providing institutional support as well as technological support to the farmers. The policy ensures a major thrust on converting Madhya Pradesh as one of the leading states in the systematic and scientific, yet sustainable organic state, wherein the farming communities derive their livelihoods, produce safe contamination free food, conserve natural resources, manage soil health, redeem safe ground and surface water and generate new employment avenues within villages. This is mostly the tribal blocks and villages who hardly use inorganic inputs and practice organic farming by default. This will help in increasing the return to tribal farmers. The policy also states the commitment of the government for ensuring the uninterrupted supply of organic inputs to the farmers following the organic method of cultivation. The commitment of the government to make the state a GM crop free state also shows its deep interest towards the organic farming and also the state is forming out legal ways to stop the infiltration of GM crops in the targeted organic farming areas. The institutional arrangement for the successful achievement of the vision mission of organic farming in the state has been formulated with government in the centre for coordinating with all other departments. The Department of Farmers? Welfare and Agriculture Development, MP State Krishak Aayog, Department of Horticulture and Food Processing, Department of Animal Husbandry, Department of Fisheries and other allied sectors identified the areas of concern specific to the their domain, which needs intervention of the state government, and prepared a comprehensive strategy to fulfil the state commitment. The state also ensures the promotion of organic farming in the state by strengthening State Organic Certification agency and establishing Organic Farming Research and Development Institute in the state, National Organic Farming University, Community base Organic Growers, traders and Processors. The state is also interested in ensuring standard quality of the organic produce by setting up of Quality Control Laboratories in the state but the government needs to intervene with the private players in order to channelize the quality assurance, packaging and pricing delivery mechanism through some quasi legal and statutory provisions. The Policy advocates of organic farming in Public –Private-Community Partnership to make the policy mission a successful one. The Ministry of Agriculture of the state and Rajya Krishak Ayog will coordinate with all other departments like Rural Development, Public Relation, Horticulture, Forestry, Food Processing, Animal Husbandry, Veterinary, Page | 3 ESM TERM PAPER Energy, water resources, urban development and Education etc. and other stakeholders of the policy to direct them for successful implementation of the project. But the policy failed to explain how, when in which manner the policy will be coordinated among various departments. The backward linkage has been planned well in the sense that the policy advocates about establishing a â€Å"Primary Organic Producers? Collective† which will do all the primary value addition works like certification to qualify organic standards, collection of products, aggregation, cleaning, sorting, grading and packaging. But this does not talk about how the small and marginal producers can be saved from the vested interest of the multinational companies and corporate. The initial investment for the organic farming has been solved by taking the nationalized banks, NABARD, RRBs and MFIs in the value chain to provide credit for initial investment to the producer organisations. The technological support is supposed to be provided by proper linkage with RD institutions and Producer Organizations. The forward linkages have been done by suggesting that the PGS, GGC and Primary Organic Producers? Collective will sell all the products under one brand name. The M. P state Agriculture Marketing Board and Mandis has been directed to provide separate sheds to organic produces in order to avoid mixing of non-organic products with the organic products. The policy takes care of the tribal population and the small farmers because of the fact that the tribal population hardly uses chemical fertilizers or inorganic chemical inputs in the field by default so those tribal have been targeted to achieve the goal at least cost. The reason for addressing the small farmers just because most of the farmers of the state fall under this category and nothing can be done in this field without including this category. The policy nowhere discusses about the women farmers; neither dalit farmers nor the policy says anything about the women participation in the producer organizations. The policy has emphasised on the usage of Bio/Gobar Gas for supplying power in cold chains and the enriched manure will be certified as clean green manure. The policy provides a lot of incentives and subsidies to the farmers for adopting organic farming or continuing with organic farming as the case may be. There is subsidy for farmers on the basis of nutrient vale of the soil, organic content base compensation and on usage of organic manures. The proposal of Dry Dairies to keep the bovines in the dry period and taking full care of those bovines and monitoring the milk animal about its breed improvement. The animal in the dry dairies will be returned to owner after calving. This is really a unique concept. Sikkim: State Organic Farming Policy Introduction Sikkim is the first state of India to bring a resolution in the state assembly to convert the state from Inorganic system to Organic system of farming in the year 2003. Other states later followed Sikkim and took similar decision. Hon’ble Chief Minister Pawan Chamling floated the idea of declaring NE states as Organic Zone and to request Govt. of India to include in the National policy for Agriculture. The age old traditional system of farming practised by farmers of Sikkim is in no way different from the modern day organic farming system being advised. Today Sikkim is heading towards a farming system which will definitely lead to a healthy and wealthy living taking due care of ecology, environment and above all sustainability of farming process. After declaration to convert the tate into a fully organic state in 2003 certain changes have been made in policies like reduction in subsidies on chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Increased subsidies on rural compost pit and Vermi composting programmes introduced. The outlets for fertilisers and pesticides in the rural areas were closed. Organic based schemes like bio-fertiliser demonstration, EM Technology in compost making, green manuring etc. initiated. Certification process started in 7000 hectares but this is just about 12 percent of the total targeted area. To achieve huge target in limited time there has to be a mission to take up the entire task from production, certification to market linkage guided by a clear cut road map. The four Pillars of Organic Policy of Sikkim can be 1. Improve food and income security of Sikkim farmers in sustainable organic ways- soil health care 2. Develop organic agribusiness opportunities- economic health care of farmers 3. Ensure safe organic food supplies to consumers – human health care 4. Enable Sikkim take its share of organic market Sikkim Organic Mission: Key objectives and functions ? Sikkim Organic Mission will be the overall Nodal agency for promoting organic farming in the state of Sikkim and to introduce, promote and adopt appropriate technologies for improving the production, arrange , organize and undertake all activities related and necessary for improving all aspects of organic production of various commodities in the state. ? The mission will endeavour to promote organic farming in all fields of land use under agriculture and allied sectors for promotion of organic farming in the state, network and liaison with various departments of the state. Promote, organize and nurture the institutions outside the Government like Cooperatives, NGO, Voluntary organization, Processing units, Boards etc. for facilitation of all necessary inputs required for backward and forward linkages related to organic products so as to provide services within easy reach of the farmers on economically viable basis. ? Establish the Sikkim Organic brand in the market and secure the int erests and identity of Sikkim Organic farmers.